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Volume 11 Number 2 April 2025

International Humanitarian Law Violations and Somali Armed Conflict; A Review


Authors: Salah Adam Khalifa Idris ; Aminuddin Bin Mustaffa ; Yusuf Kamaluddeen Ibrahim
Pages: 36-47
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.112.36.47
Abstract
The main causes of the persistent Somali armed conflict are clannism, tribalism, economic hardship, and extreme poverty coupled with a protracted absence of legitimate governing institutions responsible to deliver the affairs of the state in the comity of nations. As such, various external actors intervene in an effort to mitigate the effects of the conflict and restore peace. Given that neither the Additional Protocol II of 1977 nor Article 3, Common to the Conventions, describe what an armed dispute is, there has been inherent confusion regarding whether or not a non-international armed conflict exists in the national territories of States experiencing internal violence occurrences since the 1949 Geneva Conventions were issued. However, over 30 articles have been reviewed, whereas such articles study the international humanitarian law principles in war atmosphere under the international law in the atmosphere of war and armed conflicts in order to acknowledge its impacts on fragile civilians and provide access to humanitarian aid workers operating in the region. However, the review articles uncovered numerous violations, breaches, and atrocities of IHL by the national and international peacekeeping missions in conflict-affected areas in order to grasp the magnitude of the catastrophe. This article’s goal is the issue of the confusion brought about by the lack of an accurate definition of armed conflict. The aforementioned problem hurts the hors de combat or protected population protection that must constantly be provided during armed conflicts.