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Volume 4 Number 12 December 2018

Fundamental Human Rights, Polices of a Nigerian Private Mission University and the Safety of Students: Critical Analysis


Authors: Dare Ojo Omonijo ; Olusola Joshua Olujobi ; Michael Chibuzor Anyaegbunam ; Stella Obioma Nnatu ; Victoria Ajibola Adeleke
Pages: 841-848
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.841.848
Abstract
This article employed secondary data to critically examine policies, mission and vision of a private mission university in line with fundamental human rights and the safety of students. The high rate of violence and criminal activities across Nigeria seems to have given credence to such policies in as much as such policies emphasize students’ safety and development. Therefore, academic freedom and students’ fundamental human rights should be exercise within the policies designed to ensure students safety and development. In the past and in recent times, studies have explored several areas of student safety and development, most especially in developed nations where priority is placed on student affairs administration, but such efforts are yet to be examined in the literature emanating from Nigeria despite several criticism against the policies of the university. Contrary to the belief of many critics, violation of fundamental human rights does not exist in the university under study; instead, stringent policies and procedures attached to the actualization or implementation of such policies are in existence to safeguard students’ safety and development. The study argued that the failure of some students to comply with the procedures attached to these policies seem to have created a scenario of violation which critics contend with. Thus, a stern look at these policies and their applicability to students’ matters would have been better understood and appreciated instead of condemnation. However, the paper argued that implementation of policies should be exercised with caution, largely because disciplinary power is a sensitive issue and those exercising it must do so with thoughtfulness and in absolute good faith and in accordance with the rule of law.

The Development of Teun Van Dijk Model: A Discourse Analysis Towards News Report of Jakarta Regional Election on Media Indonesia.com Published from November Until December 2016


Authors: Ayub Dwi Anggoro ; Aziz Amin
Pages: 834-840
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.834.840
Abstract
The direct regional election of 2017 is one of the democracy parties celebrated by the people of Special Capital Region of Jakarta. As the capital of the country, this regional election brings special meaning for the people, communities, and parties participating in this election to become the highest sovereign of this region. Philosophically, it will be easier to win the next national election when a certain party becomes the sovereign of this Special Capital Region of Jakarta. In this case, news media has a very important role in providing good and useful information to the people and the community. The independence of media is expected to provide balanced, neutral information because it may greatly determine the quality of the ongoing regional election. As the opposite, there is also a possibility in which media is used as a tool to build political power. That is why there is a new phenomenon in which many media owners are involved and even actively participated in politics in Indonesia. The dynamics of the current communication technology development is started to be taken seriously by the media owners. They realize that it is not enough just to build media power that leads into conventional media only since it is no longer strategic. Therefore, they emphasize more on using online media to develop their media business. One of the advantages of using online media is that it can provide the new propaganda faster. In addition, as the media is having its power to build the public opinion, they got the power to directly lead the stakeholders to certain political interests. In this study, news report on Media Indonesia.com published in November and December was used as the object of study in order to identify the case of regional election in Jakarta. This study used a qualitative approach by developing a Critical Discourse Analysis Model of Teun A. Van Dijk Model. The objective of this study is to analyze and to describe the reporting scheme of political-related matter of regional direct election in Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The results of this study showed that in the scheme for the production of textual discourse, the cognition and the context are intervened by an ideology as its own dimension.

The Influence of Total Quality Management Practices towards Employee Job Satisfaction


Authors: Narehan Hassan ; Azwan Shah Aminuddin ; Nur Athirah Sumardi ; Zulkefli Abdul Rahman ; Mazuin Mat Halif ; Afiza Abdul Majid ; Rozilah Abdul Aziz ; Sharrifah Ali ; Aida Shekh Omar
Pages: 826-833
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.826.833
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the relationships between Total Quality Management (TQM) practices as well as their effects towards employees’ job satisfaction at Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah (MBMB). The objective is to have a better understanding on one of the approaches as in TQM practices in preparing the organization which is to deal with environmental changes. This study involved 261 respondents from lower and middle level management employees. This study found that training and teamwork dimension had significant, strong and positive relationships with job satisfaction, while top management commitment and customer focus dimensions were recognized to have significant, moderate and positive relationship with job satisfaction. On top of that, it was discovered that training and teamwork dimension of TQM practices had the greatest influence towards employees’ job satisfaction. Top management commitment was the second influential factor of TQM practices towards employees’ job satisfaction. However, customer focus was not found to have any significant influence towards MBMB employees’ job satisfaction.

Linking Social Capital and Microsavings: Lesson from Thrifty Saving Behavior of Afar Pastoralists of Ethiopia


Authors: Suadiq Sufian Ali ; Rajakishor Mahana
Pages: 820-825
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.820.825
Abstract
Pastoral communities are the most marginalized segments of the world’s population. Their access to financial services is very limited. Properly designed financial service can play significant role in the development, risk management and mitigation strategies of the pastoral communities. Against this background, the current study examines the relationship between microsavings and social capital vis-à-vis the contribution of Pastoral Saving and Credit Cooperatives (PASACCOs). The study highlights the prominent role of social capital in securing loan for pastoralists by serving as collateral. It also shows a strong positive relationship between social capital and microsaving practices (P>0.05). Hence, any developmental intervention on the financial inclusion of Afar pastoral communities should pay attention to the indispensable role of social capital.

The Role of Ideology in Political Communication and Media


Authors: Fatma Çakmak
Pages: 813-819
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.813.819
Abstract
The significant communication matters which are exceedingly studied are political communication, ideology and media. In the literature, political communication studies, which are generally included in the electoral periods, studies on ideology, which are the subject of critical approaches, and media studies within both mainstream and critical studies are frequently encountered. However; by conveying political communication to a broader dimension, the studies which centered the ideology and indicate to the power of manipulating the masses and to ideologies that are placed in discourses in terms of political communication, are nearly minute amount. Nowadays except for opportunities are provided to masses by media, with serviced ownership structure and in addition to this, the function of transmitting ideologies that break away from reality, moves the media to a dangerous position. In this study, which aims to gain a different perspective on the literature and to draw the attention of ideologies to political messages in order to influence and direct the masses in political communication and at the point of transferring these ideologies; firstly, these concepts were explained and then, how ideology came to life through the media in political communication. When it is eveluated from this point of view, scanning method was used on this study which is aimed to contribute with an authentic perspective on literature, and it was reached the active role of ideologies on political communication and the reality that media directed with this ideologic affect the masses.

Determinants and Pattern of Urbanization and Counter-Urbanization: The Case of South Asia


Authors: Md Nazirul Islam Sarker ; Md Altab Hossin ; Min Wu ; G. M. Monirul Alam ; Mohsin Shafi ; A. K. M. Kanak Pervez ; Airin Rahman
Pages: 802-812
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.802.812
Abstract
Developing countries are experiencing rapid and unguided urbanization which may contribute to increase poverty. Managing rapid urbanization is crucial for sustainable development. The main purpose of this article is to explore the determinants, trend and status of urbanization and counter-urbanization in South Asia. The effects of urbanization and counter urbanization has influence on land use pattern and real estate planning in South Asia. Urbanization in South Asia provides opportunities for education, employment, better housing, updated technology transfer, markets for agricultural products and better physical treatment facilities by gathering well educated and skilled people. While the urbanization is increasing gradually in most of the megacities in South Asia but the trend of counter urbanization is less than the urbanization. The paper concluded with some policy recommendations including public-private partnership for sustainable urban development in South Asia.

Non-Performing Loan and Liquidity of Universal Banks: Does Minimum Capital Requirement Matters?


Authors: Samuel Gameli Gadzo
Pages: 792-801
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.792.801
Abstract
This study departs from empirical studies which had focused on the effect of non-performing loan on the  performance of banks to the neglect of liquidity of banks. In the wake of the recent collapse of universal banks which has engulfed the Banking sector of Ghana, this study analyse the effect of non-performing loan on liquidity of universal banks in the context of the constant revision of the minimum capital requirement by the central bank. The cross sectional time series design was adopted and the census sampling was used to collect data from twenty banks for the period of 2008 to 2017. The outcome of the study showed that, Non-performing loan (NPL) and Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) positively influence the liquidity of the universal banks using working capital management practice, poor provision, ownership structure, bank size and loan growth as controlling variables. From this backdrop, it is empirically established that, minimum capital requirement indeed matters in the liquidity management of universal banks. It is therefore strongly recommended that the central bank should organise training programmes for the universal banks on fund management in other to have a balance funds in non-current asset and cash to avoid the negative effective on bank panic on their operation.

Bank-SMEs Relationship: A Critical Review of Firm & Industry Specific Determinants Influencing Banks’ Performance


Authors: Rashid Khalil ; Dr. Mohd. Sollehudin Bin Shuaib ; Dr. Suhaimi Bin Ishak
Pages: 777-791
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.777.791
Abstract
This study critically reviews the existing literature corresponding to banks’ performance in SMEs sector and investigates the Bank-SMEs relationship. The issues are highlighted with theoretical background of banks’ performance from SMEs financing perspective. Further, it elaborates the financial performance of firms which theoretically supports the banks’ credit rationality. The subsequent sections explain each determinant of SME firms by identifying the theories that individually elucidate firm-specific variables i.e., firms’ performance, financial need, capital structure and growth of banks. Additionally, it explores the association between SMEs loan requirements, length of relationship, product/services and banks’ performance.  Moreover, the current study appraises some earlier researches which have examined the direct and indirect relationships among industry specific variables and firm-bank performance. Based on existing information, the final section articulates the gaps identified in literature to summarize the findings and areas for future researches.

An Empirical Exploration of the Success Dynamics of Online Tourism Aggregators in India


Authors: Prof. Kishor Chandra Sahu ; Ms. Anindita Das ; Mr. Trasoju Phanindra Chary ; Mr. Neerudu Sanjay Mudhiraj
Pages: 769-776
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.769.776
Abstract
This study is the reflection of the various factors affecting the online tourism aggregators in this Techno enthusiastic world. In this study the factors affecting tourism aggregators are identified and analysed for the purpose of measuring their success. Growing in number of web clients and utilization of web, alongside headway in data innovation is putting forth relative information in the virtual space. Indian tourism is having new opportunities as many foreign investments are made on the hotels, which in a way is promoting the India tourism. Besides many tourism applications are also popping up each day. Even in the recent times, the government has come up with investments plans towards the tourism industry as well as the technical base for India. Hence it gives an extensive scope for the industry to grow. The latest promotional efforts and celebrity endorsements in the tourism industry has created revolutionary impact and took Indian Tourism to the next level. Hence, the conglomerate of technology and tourism and their mutual impact is the integral part of the research. This research focuses on assessing impact on the online conversion of travellers. A logistic regression model in SPSS has been designed to find significant relation between the independent variables and dependent variable. It also analyses the factors which are affecting significantly in the success of the aggregators specific to tourism industry. This paper seeks to explore the industry from the perspective of technology and provide a deeper insight of the same.

Relationship Between Motivation And Business Sustainability: A Study On Homestay Entrepreneurs In Malaysia


Authors: Zaleha Mohamad ; Wan Nurul Aina Wan Bukhari ; Isma Rosila Ismail ; Khatijah Omar ; Azizul Yadi Yaakop ; Shaladdin Muda
Pages: 761-768
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.761.768
Abstract
Homestay program has a very good impact on the country’s economy and tourism sector especially for the benefit of locals. The study intends to examine the relationship between sustainability and motivation of homestay entrepreneurs in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methods involving face-to-face interview and questionnaire instrument for data collection. 258 entrepreneur respondents took part by mean of simple random sampling method. The study reported a significant relationship between sustainability and motivation. The findings also identified that the homestay entrepreneurs in Malaysia’s East Coast states were highly motivated by internal factors to involve in the homestay business, even though they were facing many challenges and problems in managing their homestay businesses. This results will be benefitted to the homestay entrepreneurs to improve and enhancing their homestay business in future. Nonetheless, collaboration and networking with government and associations are still needed to further improve the development of homestay program.

Moderating Effect of Administrative Role in the Relationship Between the SERVQUAL dimensions and Quality Service Provisions of Local Government in Dhaka City


Authors: Musfiqa Ashraf ; Md. Moniruzzaman ; S. M. Abdul Quddus
Pages: 752-760
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.752.760
Abstract
The present study aims at investigating the moderating effect of administrative role in the relationships between the service quality dimensions, logistic support and perceived quality service of local government (Dhaka City Corporation) in the context of Bangladesh. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from 222 slum dwellers of Dhaka City living in the six big slums which are Shampur, Tejgaon, Bhasantak, Korail, Kamalapur and Zurain slums to examine the moderating effect. The responses were gathered with 5 point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1) through a structured questionnaire survey. Collected data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM) with the support of the software Smart PLS 2.0 M3. The findings reveal that administrative role positively moderates the relationship between assurance dimension and perceived service quality of local government; logistic support and perceived quality service and finally, the findings reveal that administrative role has significant moderating effect in the relationship between responsiveness and perceived service equality of local government. Hence, the findings give an indication that local government should play positive administrative role to improve the services quality and make their services effective for slum dwellers. The policy makers, local government and other related stakeholders might find this study as an essential tool in designing, developing and implementing their activities directed to the slum dwellers.

Evaluation of the Woman Representation in the 2014 Election in Bojonegoro District


Authors: Dr. Rupiarsieh M. Si.
Pages: 745-751
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.745.751
Abstract
The Women Representation in the legislative in the 2014 election in Indonesia, nationally and in the region, both provincial  and district /  city  decreased. This condition also occurs in Bojonegoro. The  women representation is only 12%, below the national and East Java Province percentage of the woman representation. The situation is particularly ironic, when compared to the election in 2009, whereas the number of women voters increased  and the quota system of 30%  woman representation  with increasingly the strict of Zipper System, as stipulated in regulation  number 8  Year 2012, about the Election of DPR, DPD, DPRD, and PKPU. And the regulation number 7 Year 2013, about The nomination rules of DPR, Provincial and Regency / City DPRD, by considering affirmative action for woman representation. This evaluation needs to be conducted to determine the barriers of women in legislative elections and provide solutions to develop   the woman representation significantly.  Using exploratory and descriptive qualitative method, it is found that there are 522,246 female voters and 515,412 male voters, but only 408,115 (78.25 %)  females and 372,539 (72.18 %) males use their voting rights. The absence of voters in the election in 2014 totals to 24.77%. The Recruitment system of majority candidates for legislative held in closed system.There were 535 (from 12 parties) fixed candidate, with 190 (35.51 %) female candidates as the woman representation and 345 (64.49 %) male candidates. The election results get 50 seats from 11 political parties, with 6 women (12 %) as member of legislative and the others 44 (88 %) were men. Evaluation results indicate that there is a majority of female candidates without a mass base, so they were unknown. Those who pass to parliament, they are cadres and have a loyal supporter from mass base. This obstacle is a new finding. Other obstacles are financial limitations and psychological obstacles, nominated only to meet the 30% quota rules and using closed system recuruitment.  As a result, the woman candidates was very minimal, only 12 % and it was unsignificant.This study recommends increasing woman representation. It still needed to quota and increase the capacity of women through political education, leadership education and economic empowerment. In addition, recommend to the parties to use the open system in recruiting candidates for legislative members to obtain the qualified candidates.

Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of Share of Selected Quoted Agriculture and Agro-allied Firms in Nigeria After Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard


Authors: Adegbola Olubukola Otekunrin ; Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji ; Johnson Kolawole Olowookere ; Ben-Caleb Egbide ; Samuel Adeniran Fakile ; Adedoyin Ishola Lawal ; Samuel Abiodun Ajayi ; Adebanjo Joseph Falaye ; Damilola Felix Eluyela
Pages: 736-744
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.736.744
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of share in the Selected Quoted Agriculture and Agro-allied firm in Nigeria after Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard(hereafter referred to as IFRS) from 2012 to 2016.The most extant literature on the relationship between Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price in Nigeria were done when their financial statement is prepared as per Nigerian Accounting Standard and the results of most of these extant studies were mixed. Since Nigeria adopted IFRS in 2012 the relationship Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of Share is not yet fully known. This is a gap which this research study intended to address. This study used multiple regression analysis and is limited to the use of data taken from the selected firms’ financial statement. Proxies used for Financial Ratio include Earnings per Share, Net Assets per Share, Liquidity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Return on Asset and Return on Equity. The result shows that Earnings per Share, Net Assets per Share, Debt Ratio and Return on Asset Ratio are positively and significantly related toNigerian Agriculture and Agro-Allied Quoted firms Market Price of Share. Also it was found that the Liquidity Ratio and Return on Equity Ratio are not significantly related to Nigerian Agriculture and Agro-Allied Quoted firms Market Price of Share.

Cognitive Marketing and Purchase Decision With Reference to Pop Up and Banner Advertisements


Authors: Shah Krushali ; Ninu Jojo ; Dr. Anand Shankar Raja M.
Pages: 718-735
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.718.735
Abstract
The aim of this research paper is to employ a mixed research approach and to check how the past data differs from the present and hence it uses an argument mapping to find the reality using focus group. Since genders have different opinion on pop-up and banner advertisements, two focus groups, one group consisting the female gender and the other focus group consisting the male respondents have been taken for the data collection. Small sample has been used for the argument mapping (N=45/Male) and (N=47/Female). A series of steps has been conducted in the argument mapping and relevant maps have been developed for drawing inference. It is found that, male have no patience to deal with the pop-up and banner advertisements but women are keener and patient enough to make the best use of these advertisements. On the other hand a questionnaire was framed from the variables found from the literature review and the same was distributed to both the genders and it was found collectively that though pop-up advertisements and banner advertisements are useful in some way, it is always considered to be a negative aspect. Misleading advertisements, data security scam are a few negative aspects of such advertisements and hence, there are a lot of ugly truth behind pop up and banner advertisements. The mixed research approach (triangulation) between the quantitative and qualitative is a new initiative taken by the researchers in this research and holds originality of the study.

Possibilities of Application of Analytical Methods on the Present Securities Market


Authors: Safiullin L. N. ; Kokh I. A. ; Bodrov R. G. ; Gumerov A. V.
Pages: 711-717
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.711.717
Abstract
The most important goal of this paper is to critically examine and analyze traditional approaches to substantiating analytical decisions on the securities market and to identify those that can be effectively used to select attractive securities in modern emerging markets, taking into account the specific characteristics of these markets. The paper examines the feasibility of justifying investment decisions using the analysis of calculated characteristics of the expected yield on securities, as well as computer technical analysis. Most of the above research results are of an applied nature and can be used by investors, professional analysts, portfolio managers when assessing the expected effectiveness of investments in securities and other financial assets.

Motivation, Commitment and Leadership skill in Affecting Performance Hospital Managers


Authors: Qurratul Aini
Pages: 707-710
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412-707-710
Abstract
The manager is someone who is in charge of and responsible for making, managing, leading, and handling the implementation of the plans to achieve a particular target. On the other side, competency is a capability and characteristic owned by the employee, in form of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and required for completing the duties professionally, effectively, and efficiently. Nowadays, ‘Aisyiyah Islamic Hospital (RSIA) Klaten faces some obstacles due to its slow development and has not pursued any accreditation processes. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the performance of manager in RSIA Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. The investigated parameters were including problems, managerial challenges, and managerial competencies related to leadership skills, financial management, human resource management, equipment and drug management, as well as information system management. The analysis in this study was performed using SEM analysis to test the performance model of hospital managers and hypothetical relationships existed in the model. This study found that the performance of hospital managers was influenced by motivation, commitment, and leadership. Two other factors were proved to have no significant effect, i.e. job satisfaction and organizational culture. Motivation was proved to give the strongest influence on the manager performance, commitment, and leadership skill. commitment, leadership, and motivation, job satisfaction and organizational culture, and competence effect on manager performance.

Development of the Energy Sector and Energy Security of Kazakhstan


Authors: Kasiya Kirdasinova ; Gulmira Amalbekova ; Nazym Dabyltayeva ; Klara Makasheva  ; Gulnara Baykushikova
Pages: 698-706
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.698.706
Abstract
In the current conditions of the economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the energy sector is one of the most important directions of the national economy, which is undoubted interest for conducting research in the field of sectoral economics. In this article, is given a literature review of domestic and foreign authors, which conducted research on the development and improvement of the management of the energy system. The article explores one of the topical problems - reforming and modernizing Kazakhstan’s energy sector. The characteristic regularities and features of the republic’s energy system are shown. The authors of the article conducted a study of Kazakhstan’s energy industry in various aspects of sectoral management, including energy security. As a result of the studies, the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of the management of the national economy are systematized, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn.

Innovational Approach of Business Management in Kazakhstan


Authors: Sagyngali S. Seitzhanov ; Kasiya A. Kirdasinova ; Assel T. Uskelenova ; Almagul Sh. Nurgaliyeva ; Diana T. Ismailova
Pages: 692-697
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.692.697
Abstract
Under modern conditions of development of the national economy, the high importance is given to entrepreneurial activity of small and medium-sized businesses, since the competitiveness level of domestic enterprises, the share in various types of markets and the effectiveness of innovational performance directly depend on the economic activity on the scale of the enterprise, industry and region. In this article, the literature review of domestic and foreign authors, which carried out the research on the issues of patterns and features of business development, including in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is conducted. As a result of research, theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises were systematized, and corresponding conclusions were drawn.

Effective Privacy Management in Kazakhstan: Privatization or Nationalization?


Authors: B. T. Chereyeva ; G. M. Duzelbayeva ; O. I. Malyarenko ; M. M. Ryskulova
Pages: 685-691
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.685.691
Abstract
The change in the structure of ownership in the economic system is capable of determining the vector of economic development for a long time, since ownership of property brings relatively higher incomes than other types of activity. Privatization and nationalization are instruments that influence this structure. To date, the available empirical data are important, but they are diverse, many conclusions have been obtained on a very limited number of factors, are reliable mathematically, prove to be inauthentic in content, and are found in the same economy, completely incorrect, for example in Kazakhstan or other CIS countries. The purpose of this paper is to show how these two instruments were realized in the example of Kazakhstan, as the country in the shortest time carried out the reform of the transformation of the central management system and how effectively the established theories of property management in the economy.

Islamic Law Reform Through the Thought of Abdullahi Ahmed Al-Na’im: The Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Islamic Law


Authors: Izomiddin
Pages: 669-684
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.669.684
Abstract
Generally, thinkers of Islamic law reform deconstruct the radical and discriminatory notion and practice of Islamic law in Muslim countries, such as Al-Na’im who has done so in his country -Sudan- since (Al-Na’im, 1988) has rebuilt a legal theory-the naskh theory-with a new theory, the reversed naskh theory or a theory of change in the understanding of Islamic law to revive the eliminated verses of the Qur’an caused by traditional script theory. When there is a verse of the Qur’an that contradicts humanity’s benefit, it should be ignored, and a more appropriate verse (naskh) is sought. In addition to the theory, (Al-Na’im, 1988) also puts forward the principle of reciprocity-everyone should treat others well, if he wants to be treated well-as a starting point to realize a moderate and non-discriminatory notion of Islamic law. Thus, the term shari’ah which is understood only as a result of human interpretation is seen to be contrary to the theory of Islamic law (tasyri’) which views shari’ah as something that can not be intervened by human thought (qath’i) because it is the law God and not the result of human thinking. The omission of qath’i value in shari’ah influences the paradigm shift of shari’ah which was once considered normative, sacred and can not be changed to be very flexible and dynamic in fulfilling the needs and the benefit of humanity. This study concludes that Islamic public law, in the perspective of Al-Na’im, appears unfair, unfriendly and intolerant, which consequently make public Islamic law not functional in modern life. At present the alternative Islamic law which should be understood and practiced is based on the facts of reality supported by two arguments: moral arguments and empirical arguments, both defending humanitarian values so that Islamic public law will always solve humanitarian problems, not otherwise bring up problems caused by extremism. Muslims have rights to define their beliefs in their Islamic identity, including the practice of public Islamic law by not depriving the legitimacy of individual’s or group’s rights both inside and outside the Muslim community.

Research Trend in the Practice of Differentiated Instruction


Authors: Mohd Hasrul Kamarulzaman ; Hazita Azman ; Azizah Mohd Zahidi
Pages: 648-668
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.648.668
Abstract
The influence of diversity in education has affected the shift in pedagogical practice, moving from the traditional teacher-centered classroom to student-based teaching approach. Such teaching approach that has received extensive review from educators as well as researchers is differentiated instruction. Differentiated instruction has been practiced in numerous contexts with different types of students around the globe, in various academic subjects such as languages, mathematics, and sciences. Simultaneously, researchers, and practitioners alike, have indicated growing interest in conducting studies in the practice of differentiated instruction. These studies contributed to the expansion of the use of differentiated instruction in teaching and learning as well as in the improvement of its practice and students’ learning outcomes. This paper therefore discusses the current trend, or perspectives, of the researches in the practice of differentiated instruction, highlighting the research contexts, objectives, methods, and findings.

The Importance of Preprint in Scientific Publication: Perspectives and Challenges


Authors: Carlos Miguel Ferreira ; Sandro Serpa
Pages: 642-647
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.642.647
Abstract
Currently, the possibility and interest in publishing in the preprint format are increasing, with more or less incidence in practically all scientific areas. Under these circumstances, the aim of this perspective opinion paper is to contribute to the discussion of the possible interest in publishing preprint. In order to meet this task of discussing preprint challenges and perspectives, we will analyse preprint, its potential advantages and limitations in comparison with other types of academic publications, looking at the future of preprint publication at two levels: in terms of communication and dissemination of science; and in terms of benefits for the academic career of the author of preprint publications.

The Use of Ict-Rooted Communication Codes and Slangs among Nigerian Students


Authors: Bolu John Folayan ; Oladokun Omojola ; Mathew Egharevba ; Kehinde Oyesomi ; Darlynton Yartey ; Babatunde Adeyeye
Pages: 633-641
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.633.641
Abstract
Scholars categorize slang as a language of the deviatory type that ranks below a formal speech and contains words that are used in special ways. Since its advent in the 18th century with its negative connotation and use by persons of low and disreputable character, including thieves, it has since been undergoing a dramatic transformation over time. Lately, slangs have found their ways into formal language codes in Nigeria especially among the youth. This study is an exploratory investigation of the patterns and meanings of slangs used by students of tertiary institutions in the country. This is a step toward the codification of these language deviances so that they can be better understood as communication tools and be an example to be imitated by other climes. The study found that many of the slangs and other coded words being used by the respondents were ICT-inspired. The research presents analysis of meanings, usage patterns and nature of such slangs.

Contributing Factors for Academic Success in this Globalised Era: Voices from the Successful Orang Asli in Malaysia


Authors: Eng-Tek Ong ; Mohd Hairy Ibrahim ; Norwaliza Abd Wahab ; Sabri Mohd Salleh ; Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh ; Mohamad Termizi Borhan
Pages: 625-632
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.625.632
Abstract
While the Orang Asli or the Indigenous People of Malaysia have been in existence since approximately 5,000 years ago, they are still lagging behind as compared to all the other mainstream ethnics, particularly the Malays, Chinese, and Indians. This study aims to listen to the voices of successful Indigenous People of Malaysia and thereafter, crystallise the contributing themes or factors from these voices. Accordingly, the research design employed is that of a phenomenology given that the research problem requires a profound understanding of a particular phenomenon -- the experiences of academic success -- common to the Indigenous People of Malaysia so as to distil individual experiences to an essential concept. Seven successful Orang Asli students willingly participated in the on-line interview by responding to the question in the Interview Protocol. Thematic analysis, performed through the process of coding in six phases to identify patterns across data sets, indicates two main themes which contributed to academic success. The first theme is that of Aspiration, the ardent wish or desire to become educationally and academically successful. The first theme on aspiration seems to be contributed by a further four subthemes, namely self-induced aspiration, family-induced aspiration, community-induced aspiration, and friend-induced aspiration. Meanwhile, the second theme is that of support and such a support is family-based, friend-based, school-based, community-based, government-based, and faith-based support, hence the six subthemes. The findings are discussed in the context of previous findings of academically resilient students.

Advantages of Vocabulary of European Origin for Learning Modern Hebrew


Authors: Kazuhito Uni
Pages: 621-624
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.621.624
Abstract
Latin and Greek are important donor languages to Hebrew, which does not belong to the Indo-European but Semitic language family. The present study conducted a vocabulary survey to examine the advantage of frequently used Modern Hebrew vocabulary of European origin and their English equivalents for learning Modern Hebrew as a foreign language. The Oxford 3000 list was used as the primary reference of high-frequency English words and their Hebrew equivalents. As a result, 186 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin are included in the most frequently used 3,000 Hebrew words and approximately 150 loanwords can be used with a similar pronunciation in English and Italian. Therefore, the present study concluded that knowledge of high-frequency Hebrew vocabulary of Greek or Latin origin could assist speakers of English and Italian in learning Modern Hebrew.
Keywords: Hebrew; English; Italian; Loanword; Latin.

Analysis Dimensions of Social Capital Among Poverty Group in Suburbs Areas


Authors: Aziz Amin ; Zainul Zolkifeli
Pages: 618-620
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.618.620
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze dimensions of social capital among poverty group. According to Malaysia Department of Statistics, poverty group as known as B40 group measured based on their income. The incomes of B40 group refer to cut-off for Malaysia 2016 is below than RM 4,360. Nowadays, communities less directly connected among themselves due to technological advances. This is very serious situation because household income can affect others aspects such as mental health and quality of life. Social Capital can become as a medium in order to overcome this problem and communities are encouraged to support and use this medium. This study involved 149 respondents among B40 group in east coast of peninsular Malaysia which are Temerloh, Pasir Mas and Kemaman. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results of this study can be utilized by the parties involved as a reference for them to design specific programs or policies.

Impact of Technological Progress on Economic Growth and Employment: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia


Authors: Fayq Al Akayleh
Pages: 606-617
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.606.617
Abstract
This research paper aims at examining the role of technology in boosting economic activity and employment, by adopting different research methodologies and taking the Saudi economy as a case study. The research results support the notion that technological progress is a key factor in achieving development goals pertaining to economic growth and employment level. The study suggests that the leaders and policy-makers in Saudi Arabia should pay a great attention on adopting technology as a medium for achieving the social and economic development goals.

A Critical Evaluation of the Pilot Program Regarding Body Worn Video Cameras by South Korean Police


Authors: Jeyong Jung ; Yong-Tae Chun
Pages: 598-605
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.598.605
Abstract
Despite the widespread adoption of body worn video cameras by law enforcement agencies globally, very few research has been carried out to evaluate the effects of the use of those cameras. The South Korean police ran a pilot program of using body worn video cameras in Seoul for five months and found that frontline police officers were reluctant to use the cameras. This paper aims to explore the reasons behind this unpopularity and evaluate the efficacy of the use of the cameras in the South Korean context. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine police officers who have used the body worn video cameras during the pilot program. The findings suggested key restricting factors: (1) BWV cameras relative to smartphones were cumbersome to use, (2) BWV recordings did not reduce the paperwork load, and (3) BWV recordings could be accessed by the Inspection Division. Findings reveal that relevant policies need to be examined in a comprehensive manner and that it is of importance to prioritize the problems and set out to solve those problems accordingly.

Assessing the One-Lecture-One-Test Learning Model in Undergraduate Journalism Program Using Cohort Design


Authors: Oladokun Omojola ; Lanre Amodu ; Nelson Okorie ; David Imhonopi ; Darlynton Yartey ; Evaristus Adesina
Pages: 591-597
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.591.597
Abstract
The one-lecture-one-test (OLOT) is a learning model that compels students to write a short test after every lecture for a score that counts toward the continuous assessment and the overall grade. This is different from the traditional system in most universities which allows only two or three tests or assignments. In spite of the accolades for better grades, higher lecture attendance, higher concentration, interest and participation in class which it received when the findings from a one-year survey were presented to the participants at a notable international conference, the model still lacks prominence among lecturers. The unimpressive visibility, according to critics, is on the grounds that the technique would have to be investigated in a longitudinal study to determine its reliability as a learning system. This article presents the reports of a cohort study of journalism teaching over a period of three academic sessions. Improvements in students’ performance in the foregoing parameters were visible and consistent with the one-year investigation. Unimpressively, however, it turned out that lack of precision in grading constituted a vulnerable point that the adopters of the system would have to tackle in order to further make the system attractive.

Flipped Learning (FL) Approach: Teaching Academic Writing Skill to Tertiary EFL Learners


Authors: Siti Aisah Ginting
Pages: 582-590
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.582.590
Abstract
FL approach is defined as a pedagogical approach in which direct institution moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group space is transformed into dynamic and interactive learning environment where the educators guides students as they apply concept and engages creatively in the subject matter. Accordingly, This study was aimed at exploring the effect of FL approach on higher education students’ achievements in academic writing skill. Therefore, experimental research design was applied to find out the significant effect. Moreover, the quantitative data were collected through academic writing test. In order to find out the significant effect of FL approach on the students’ achievements on academic writing, the data were tabulated by employed General Linear Model (GLM) univariate in Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result of this study shows that there was a significant effect of FL approach on college students’ study result in learning academic writing skill. Hence, the implementation of FL approach is highly recommended in EFL classroom especially teaching writing. However, teaching and doing research on other skills (speaking, listening and reading) are also suggested to implement FL approach.

Social Curatorship in Provision of Social Services in Post-Penitentiary Care


Authors: Katarína Vanková
Pages: 571-581
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.571.581
Abstract
An asocial individual is a personality whose actions are anti-social, manifested by violation and neglect of socially established legal norms. The individual’s manners and behaviour are often purposeful and his will is so weak that he is not strong enough to help himself, his family and close persons. That is the reason why he seeks help in another person (Nowotny, 2016).Social curatorship of the Slovak Republic in accordance with the Act No. 305/2005 Coll. on social and legal protection and social curatorship includes a set of measures for reduction, prevention or elimination of mental, physical or social development disorders in a child or adult individual. The main study objective is to find out subjective perceptions of the lay public about the need, opinions and provision of post-penitentiary care for the individuals released from the execution of a prison sentence. To obtain the necessary information, we choose a questionnaire method containing a set of unambiguously formulated questions. The used questionnaire is based on the defined objectives of the work. The stated study results are interesting. An individual who served a prison sentence is negatively influenced. There are changes in his lifestyle, role, hierarchy of needs, attitudes, relationship to duties, sense of responsibility, and contact with a new environment and surrounding world.

Cigarette Selling and Buying by the Minor and Adolescents in Bangladesh: Prevalence, Perceptions and Awareness


Authors: Md Al Amin ; Md Nazirul Islam Sarker ; Md Altab Hossin ; Most Nasrin ; Nazmul Huda
Pages: 556-570
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.556.570
Abstract
Though there is a tendency among teenagers to not care about the adverse effect of tobacco but long-term smoking causes a serious problem in health. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence, perception and awareness of minors and adolescents on cigarette selling and buying in Bangladesh. In this study, a quantitative oriented qualitative method has been used. The study reveals that overall 63% of the respondents are currently smoking. The proportion of smoking among the buyers is significantly higher (p<0.001) than sellers. A higher majority of the participants (93%) perceived that selling cigarette to minors is not good practice. A majority of the buyers (79%) and sellers (85%) have never been prevented from buying and selling cigarettes in the respective areas by any authorized personnel or even the general public. Majority of the respondents (86%) have no knowledge about any law on tobacco control in the country. About one quarter of the respondents (24%) perceived that the main causes of non-implementation of the law are the citizens’ reluctance to obey and negligence of the concerned authority to implement the law. It also explores that a tendency to get rid of from frustration is the main reason to smoke tobacco. The findings suggest that an awareness building program should be launched by the government including NGOs, academic institutes and voluntary organizations to raise awareness on the bad effects of tobacco.

Poverty Alleviation of Rural People through Good Governance in Bangladesh


Authors: Md Nazirul Islam Sarker ; Md Altab Hossin ; Wu Min ; Md Aktaruzzaman
Pages: 547-555
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.547.555
Abstract
The governance is a vital issue especially for a developing country like Bangladesh which affects every sector of development. Corruption, inefficient service delivery, weak policy setting, and limited participation of various stakeholders in decision making have a negative impact on the rural poor. However, the main reason of poverty retaining in Bangladesh is seen in bad governance, which comprises widespread corruption, non-transparency and non-accountability of public policy making. Good governance is considered to bring in a powerful change in the condition of the poor. The main objective of this article is to explore the ways of poverty alleviation through good governance in Bangladesh. It also finds out the present situation of poverty in Bangladesh and determines the link between good governance and poverty alleviation. This article used documentary analysis and, in particular, content analysis as a research method in order to disclose appearance of good governance agenda representing ways of addressing poverty alleviation. This study finds out the four indicators of good governance which directly related to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh: accountability, transparency, participation and predictability. This study suggests that publicly available information, access of the poor to basic services of government, budget transparency, expenditure, verdicts of courts and tribunals, responsive local government, grass root democracy, and anti-corruption are effective instruments for every sector development which can alleviate poverty in terms of any dimension. It contributes new lense to the existing literature regarding linkages between good governance and poverty alleviation.

Financial Development, Manufacturing Sector and Sustainability: Evidence from Nigeria


Authors: Abiola John Asaleye ; Lawal Adedoyin Isoha ; Festus Asamu ; Henry Inegbedion ; Ogadimma Arisukwu ; Olabisi Popoola
Pages: 539-546
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.539.546
Abstract
Dependence on the oil sector by the Nigerian government has generated a question about economic sustainability.  Even though the country experienced substantial growth in the economy before the economic recession in mid of 2016, the growth had not improved unemployment and poverty rate. Therefore, the study investigates the impact of financial development indicators on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria with the aim to promote sustainable growth and development using the Vector Error Correction Model. The findings from the study show no bi-directional causal effects between financial indicators and output in the manufacturing sector. However, the study showed the presence of joint long-run and short-run causality when output in the manufacturing sector is used as a dependent variable. Likewise, the variance decomposition showed that the forecast error shocks of the financial development indicators affect output in the manufacturing sector at different horizons The implication is that long-run policies can be considered to improve the manufacturing output in Nigeria via the financial sector to promote sustainable growth. There is a need to develop a framework for policy mix and evaluate conflicting policies to ensure effectiveness in policy implementation among others.

Study of Errors and English Language Teaching: A Systematic Review


Authors: Ali Akbar Khansir ; Farhad Pakdel
Pages: 531-538
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.531.538
Abstract
This systematic review paper investigates a study of errors and English language teaching. This paper employed the systematic review approach and focuses on paragraph and essay writing errors in EFL setting.  In general, in the history of English language teaching, place of error analysis is always considered as one of the major topics among syllabus designers, language teachers and linguists in order to help English language learners achieve greater fluency in their language. In general, in language classroom, error analysis has been used as a scientific work in order to get information about language learners’ errors and resolve their problems in getting knowledge of language. In the history of applied linguistics, there have been two kinds of approaches are related to language errors, namely, contrastive and error approaches. However, research on both of them came back the work of Fries (1945) and Lado (1957) and Corder (1967). Contrastive analysis focuses on pedagogical orientation, input, practice and inductive learning, whereas error analysis focuses on scientific orientation, linguistic and cognitive processes. However, this paper analyzes the previous studies on paragraph and essay writing errors in English language which were published from 2000 to 2017.  In addition, of 200 articles were studied in this process, 49 of the articles were relevant.

Influence of Ratings on Universities: An Outward Glance


Authors: Aida Z. Novenkova ; Albert V. Abilov ; Olga A. Vershinina ; Marina Yu. Medvedeva
Pages: 527-530
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.527.530
Abstract
This study is devoted to assessing the impact of promotion of universities in international and Russian universities’ ratings on their development. The peculiarity of the study is that it considers both universities participating in the competitive recovery program and presented in international rankings, as well as those that do not participate therein. The paper analyzes the rating indicators, the development strategy and the positioning of four Russian universities: Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU), National Research University "Higher School of Economics" (HSE), M.T. Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (IzhSTU) and G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University (TSU). The research revealed the positive effects of the promotion in the university rankings on their development, among which the following can be distinguished: the formation of a competitive environment within the university, the definition of a specific strategic goal, the attraction of more qualified personnel to the university, including from the international academic market, etc. Negative consequences were revealed too, such as: increase in the workload on teachers, and as a result, reduced attention to the organization of the educational process, higher risk of losing the quality of scientific research, as a result of increasing the number of publications, ineffective spending of the university funds.

Geofinancial Safety of Regions: Theory and Methodology


Authors: Oksana N. Chuvilova ; Razela N. Denikaeva ; Inna V. Merkulova ; Ekaterina Y. Kalaschnikova ; Yulia V. Rybina
Pages: 521-526
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.521.526
Abstract
In article the theoretical and methodological importance of geofinancial safety at the mesolevel in connection with aggravation of the current geopolitical situation is revealed. The offered methodology expands tools of assessment of geofinancial safety of the region, including inclusion of safety of corporate finance and intra country level of safety. On the example of regions of the North Caucasian Federal District strained from the point of view of geofinancial and geopolitical safety the ranged assessment as the final stage of complex assessment of geofinancial safety of regions is given. At the same time, the novelty of a research consists not only in updating of a technique of assessment of geofinancial safety of regions, but also in reduction of this technique to a universal look. The geopolitical instability finds reflection in this technique in a number of qualitative criteria. At the same time, these criteria are compared with quantitative criteria for evaluation of geofinancial safety by ranging.

Strategic Planning Features of Regional Development in Increased Exogenous Volatility Conditions


Authors: Ekaterina Milovanova ; Vladimir Molodyh ; Irina Morozova ; Elena Ostapenko
Pages: 515-520
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.515.520
Abstract
A major factor in the development of a long-term strategy for social and economic development is the reduction of the shadow economy volume with the aim to increase the promising incomes of the budgetary system for most Russian Federation subjects, which have low economic potential, a small local market and limited opportunities for economic growth on their own resource base. In this regard, the regional strategic planning, taking into account the influence of the shadow economy, requires the development of adequate forecast models that take into account the specifics of the territorial processes and ensure the achievement of the target condition for the balance of socio-economic development and the achievement of the planned indicators. Two scenarios are considered in the proposed development strategy of Russian Federation subject. Conservative scenario presupposes the development of a region on the basis of existing competitive advantage use. The second scenario is based on shadow economy negative impact reduction. General scenario conditions are formed depending on the opportunities of investment activity growth by ensuring the transparency of business rules, tax legislation stabilization and economic and investment activity increase at the expense of legal entrepreneurs. The results of modeling show that the growth of the economy legal segment in the short term will lead to the reduction of employed number, but it will ensure the growth rate of labor productivity at the level of 7% per year, while the level of investment activity will grow by about 10% per year additionally.

Kazakhstan's Energy Efficiency Policy Via Dea Approaches


Authors: Arsen Tleppayev ; Saule Zeinolla ; Saltanat Abishova
Pages: 509-514
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.509.514
Abstract
In modern conditions of managing important task is to increase energy efficiency and energy efficiency as one of the priorities of economic policy. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations aimed at the implementation of evaluation and monitoring of energy efficiency policy instruments. Methods of research are analysis and mathematical modeling. Implementation of the system of energy efficiency indicators will increase the efficiency of the proposed measures; compare the current status in various sectors to global peers. In this article we used the method of data analysis - Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the effectiveness of energy efficiency indicators in comparison with those of other countries. DEA technique allows a comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators, which is based on a comparison of the values of the individual groups of indicators with each other. However, the use of this technique in a Kazakhstan limited lack of statistical information of many indicators and series of the dynamics of the existing indicators.

Formation of Readiness of Future Teachers  to Creative Activity in School


Authors: Gulnar Mussabekova ; Batyrkhan Auyezov ; Asel Tasova ; Zhaudir Sultanbekova ; Zhanar Akhmetova ; Gulim Kozhakhmetova
Pages: 501-508
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.501.508
Abstract
The basic changes, which have happened in recent years in an education system, are connected with strengthening of attention to the identity of the student as main social value. There are considerable high-quality changes in the methodological and theoretical approaches to the education process, in which the humanization tendency was outlined accurately. They predetermined the need of corresponding modernization of the teacher training system at higher educational institution, providing individual and professional formation of the future teacher, the maximum realization of his spiritual, creative opportunities. There are strengthened the tendencies to change of the education content, methods and forms of work with students, connected first of all, with again formed concepts of development of vocational schools. The main priority of vocational school are training of the identity of the specialist, professionally knowledgeable, competent, creatively developing in which spiritual and moral, humane qualities dominate. Now for future teacher it isn’t enough the simple possession of some sum of knowledge and abilities, there is necessary his constant readiness for change, readiness for creativity. However, it should be noted that the problem of formation of readiness at the future teachers to creative activity at school is still insufficiently investigated. So, the analysis of training process in pedagogical higher education institutions allows to draw the conclusion that this question isn’t opened in a broad sense. The scientific-theoretical knowledge, gained by students in the training process in pedagogical higher education institution in various disciplines, is insufficiently interconnected among themselves and doesn’t give conception about creative interaction of the teacher with pupils in their process of professional activity. Research objective is to reveal the level of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school and to provide its realization with the author’s methods. The leading method of the study on this problem is the modeling, allowing to consider this problem as process of purposeful and conscious formation of readiness at future teacher to creative activity. The model and an author’s methods of formation of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school are developed. The practical value of work is that the developed model of readiness at future teachers to creative activity at school, the methods of consecutive work on formation of this readiness, the methods of diagnostics of readiness can be used in teaching practice of pedagogical higher education institutions, and also by teachers of comprehensive schools.

US Security Policy in the Asia Pacific: Preparing the Next Decade


Authors: Kwang-Ho Chun
Pages: 491-500
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.491.500
Abstract
For US foreign policy, the importance of the Asia-Pacific cannot be over stated; the value of regional trade, the need to preserve allied-nation sovereignty and a perceived containment policy towards China’s growth mean that the eyes of US observers are, more than ever before, trained on the Asia Pacific. The Obama administration has repeatedly reaffirmed its commitment to the region despite economic crises existing domestically. With such value placed on the region this paper will explore how US security policy can most effectively insure its interests over the next decade. It assesses the changing context with consideration for the challenge of new super powers and the contemporary relevance of ongoing disputes. The paper then identifies areas for which new investment could take place and determines the risks and potential benefits of any such developments. It makes specific considerations for bilateral relations between the most significant regional players in the security theatre: China, Japan, the Koreas and the collective ASEAN members and explores likely policy directions for the near term future. It then concludes that, based on the assessments made, the continued move towards multilateral approaches stands the best chance of limiting regional conflict. It determines that while a containment policy to diminish Chinese presence is viable for the period considered, there remains considerable doubt over long-term practicality. As such, the US negotiating position with China is possibly at its strongest now and, if so, any moves at this time towards regional unity can best secure US interests for the future. The paper sets out that containment should not be viewed as a sustainable way of stemming China’s challenge to US global presence; instead US security policy in the Asia Pacific would be most effective through multilateral cooperation which can be achieved through a careful balance of defensive military projection power and a greater capacity for humanitarian assistance.

The Financial Aspects of the Third Economic Modernization in Kazakhstan


Authors: Nurilya Kuchukova ; Galymzhan Kerimbek ; Botagoz Saparova ; Aigerim Zhussupova ; Akilbek Ilyas
Pages: 483-490
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.483.490
Abstract
The article looks into the financial aspects of Kazakhstan’s economic modernization. Based on the results of studies conducted, key features and problems of the development of the national economy are identified given the new challenges and threats, close integration and interdependence from the development of the world economy. The use of modern methodology allowed to demonstrate the significant impact of the state financial policy on the implementation of the third modernization of the Kazakh economy, as well as highlight its priorities and substantiate the financial mechanisms that would increase the global competitiveness of the national economy. The study was carried out using the example of transformations characteristic of the modern economic system in Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to substantiate the author’s approach to creating a fundamentally new model of economic growth by providing financial stimulation to the accelerated technological modernization of the economy to ensure its global competitiveness.

Management Skill and Leadership: A Case Study from Hospital Managers of Charity Business in Health


Authors: Qurratul Aini
Pages: 478-482
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.478.482
Abstract
Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten, Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul is generating a comprehensive organization with varied inter-professional connection, which might trigger an internal conflict. The lack number of managers who have been trained resulting ineffective management systems. Participants consisted of 29 people at Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten, 13 people at Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and 40 people at Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul includes top managers, middle and bottom. Characteristic manager age ≤ 30 years 7.7%, > 50 years of 15.4%, age 31-50 years 76.9%. Length of employment ranges managers ranging from 4-23 years, years <5 years of 15.4%, year 6-10 years and 11-20 years amounts to at most 69.3%. The results showed that the leadership and management skills (finance, human resources (HR), quality, medicine information systems and equipment) of top manager assessed competent (likert scale ≥ 3) while the middle and lower managers considered not sufficiently competent (likert scale ≥ 2). Competence hospital managers is currently at an advanced level, means the managers can do the job effectively and confidently.

Economic Mechanism of Industrial Enterprise Resources Management Efficiency Assessment


Authors: N. A. Goncharova ; I. S. Kondratenko ; E. N. Zamaraeva
Pages: 470-477
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.470.477
Abstract
The gist of this article boils down to a model for assessing the economic potential of chemical enterprises. The article is very urgent nowadays because we propose a model for assessing the economic potential of enterprises in this sector. Chemical enterprises occupy a significant place in the economy as they have a significant impact on the performance of related industries. The article comments on the formation of economic mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of resource management of industrial enterprises. To develop a mechanism for optimizing economic resources seven enterprises located in the territory of the Ural Federal District were selected. The selection was carried out according to the type of economic activity. The authors propose a model for assessing the economic potential of chemical enterprises, develop a methodical approach and a scale of resource potential that will allow us estimating various options for the use of resources, identify reserves for competitive development of enterprises. A methodical approach and a scale of resource potential being developed, it is possible to evaluate various options for the use of resources and to identify reserves for the competitive development of enterprises. The activity of any enterprise is aimed at maximizing financial results. To achieve this goal it is necessary to distribute resources available to the economic entity considering the influence of the macro environment. A comprehensive analysis of the rationality of resource management can be carried out using the integrated assessment model.

Legal Regulation in the Sphere of Interethnic Relations in Kazakhstan


Authors: Yury S. Reshetov ; Maxim V. Voronin ; Elmira O. Toilybekova
Pages: 466-469
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.466.469
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the role played by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan which is an institution which activities are aimed at implementing state national policy of Kazakhstan, ensuring social and political stability in the republic and enhancing the effectiveness of interaction between state and civil society institutions in the sphere of interethnic relations The paper highlights the issues on formation and development of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan which has now become the most effective mechanism for maintaining the balance between various ethnic interests and strengthening public harmony.

Loan Repayment Performance of Women Self-help Groups in Vellore District: An Empirical Study


Authors: A. Manikandan ; M. Muthumeenakshi
Pages: 459-465
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.459.465
Abstract
This research aims to find out the influence of microfinance loan reimbursement performance of pastoral women self-help groups (SHG) in Vellore district. It focuses on the loan repayment performance in a block in Vellore district. A total of 17,446 women (SHG) microfinance borrowers were randomly selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. The data was collected by using the questionnaire. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the data. The results of the study showed that majority of the rural women were married, uneducated, belonged to low-income group and had medium family size. It was found that microfinance influences the loan reimbursement performance.

Malay Leadership Pattern in Malaysian Politics


Authors: Hailan Salamun ; Asyraf Hj Ab. Rahman ; Hamdan Aziz ; Rofishah Hj. Rashid
Pages: 451-458
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.450.458
Abstract
This article focuses on Malay leadership practices in Malaysian Politics that display elements of Rabbani leadership in the political workplace. It explores empirical research about the notion of religiosity’s spirit, rather than merely individual’s bundle of workplace skills and abilities. The results illustrate that Malay political leaders involving in the political activities admit that religious values, or rabbani elements, have had a great impact on their view on leadership practices and political worldview. Potential elements of rabbani leadership derived from the writings of Islamic literature are shaped into a nascent model that serves to both describe leadership perspectives, behaviors, and approaches to their followers.

Religious Pluralism of the Indonesian Traditional Islamic Education Institutions


Authors: Muhammad Amri ; Afifuddin, Afifuddin ; Saidna Zulfiqar Bin-Tahir
Pages: 446-450
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.446.450
Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of religious pluralism in two institutions of traditional Islamic education in Bone regency, Indonesia, i.e., al-Junediyyah Biru and al-Ikhlas Ujung. It is qualitative research using a phenomenological approach, in which the researchers focused on the pluralism in the Islamic context of Indonesia and religious pluralism elaborated in attitudes, ideas, and processes of internalization value within the Islamic boarding schools. The data of this study were obtained from non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and field notes analyzed using the three-stage model of Miles & Huberman including data display, data reduction, data verification, and conclusion. The research found that Islamic boarding schools play an essential role in shaping pluralist society. Pluralism, in the boarding schools, has been developed in the context of ideas, attitudes and thoughts of Islamic clerics (kyais), teachers (ustazds), as well as Islam learners (santri)

Social Identity Leadership Style and Perceived Coaching Competency


Authors: Tony Cassidy ; Paul Cummins ; Gavin Breslin
Pages: 440-445
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.440.445
Abstract
The aims of the study were to test the validity of two measures of team social identity against a measure of the athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s competency. A sample of 396 (age 18-35) athletes completed, the Coach Social Identity Scale (CSIS), the Team Social Identification Scale (TSIS), and, the Athlete’s Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II (APCCS II). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor ten item CSIS and TSIS attained good fit. Both the CSIS and the TSIS correlated positively and significantly with the dimensions of motivation, game strategy, technique, physical conditioning and character building and with the overall rating of competence of the coach. Overall the results support the CSIS and TSIS as reliable and valid measures, and show that they can be applied in team sports as a measure of SIT.

The Political Ethnicity of the Dutch Colonialism towards the Islamic Sultanates in Indonesia: The Socio-Historical Perspectives


Authors: Abdullah Idi
Pages: 432-439
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.432.439
Abstract
The Dutch became the colonial rulers of the Dutch East Indies that had at least three centuries of power. At that time, in a pluralistic society of the Dutch East Indies, there were many Islamic empires and sultanates in the Archipelago, but the Dutch colonial government could survive. In this research, I tried to point out and to explain to what extent the role of political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies. I reviewed the literature related to the role of political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies. With the socio-historical approach, this paper focuses more on the analysis of the application of Dutch colonial’s ethnic politics to Islamic sultanates in the archipelago. The results showed that the politics of the Dutch colonial ethnicity was a strategy related to the social stratification policy of the Dutch East Indies, where society had split into two: the colonizers or the rulers, and the colonized or the people. This separation had consequences for the obligations of different groups (Europe, the foreign East, and the Indigenous) in a discriminatory Dutch colonial government. Particularly, based on the review of existing documents and available literature related to political ethnicity of the Dutch East Indies government in the colonies and the application of Dutch colonial’s ethnic politics to Islamic sultanates in the archipelago, four salient themes of strategies emerged: the socio-political policies-related to the policy of ethnic segregation, the socio-economic policy, the socio-religious field, and the education policy. These four strategies have led the Dutch East Indies to be able to succeed in advancing and maintaining its power in Archipelago during at least 350 years.

Teachers’ Perceived Causes of Poor Performance in Mathematics by Students in Basic Schools from Ningo Prampram, Ghana


Authors: Butakor Paul Kwame ; Dziwornu Mary
Pages: 423-431
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.423.431
Abstract
The study aimed at determining factors influencing poor performance of students in mathematics in selected Basic Schools in the Ningo Prampram District in Accra, Ghana. Descriptive research design was adopted in which random and convenience sampling method was used to select 60 teachers for the study. Data was collected through questionnaire analysed using SPSS version 21. The study found that the most highly ranked school environmental factors responsible for student’s low academic performance in mathematics were lack of supervision and monitoring of teachers by head teachers and circuit supervisors, larger class size and lack of teaching and learning materials in school. Similarly, the most highly ranked teacher factor that contributed to student’s low academic performance in mathematics was untrained teachers teaching the subject. Also, high level of absenteeism among students and unruly student behaviour were the most highly ranked student’s characteristics responsible for their poor performances in mathematics. For parental support, the highly ranked variables that contributed to poor performance in mathematics were parents not helping wards with their homework, inability of parents to provide wards essential instructional needs for mathematics studies and parents inability to approach the school to ascertain how their wards are faring in mathematics. However, independent t-test and ANOVA analyses did not find statistical differences between the gender of teachers and the qualifications with regards to perceived causes of low performance in mathematics. .It is recommended that metropolitan, directorate and circuit supervisors intensify supervision and provision of learning materials in schools.

Examining the Role of Online Customer Reviews on Tourist Motivation: Destination and Revisit Intention


Authors: Ying-Kai Liao ; Phuoc-Thien Nguyen ; Kim Ngan Nguyen Thi
Pages: 413-422
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.413.422
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, the online information search is more popular than ever. Online reviews from people who have experienced travel   motivates visitors, giving them an overview of the destination before making a travel decision. Moreover, the satisfaction and attitude of visitors is a major factor for their intention to revisit. Previous studies have focused on the impact of tourist satisfaction and word-of-mouth after visiting the destination; relatively little research investigates online customer reviews about tourism. Using 253 tourists from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, this study conducted a survey and the results indicated that, based on online customer reviews, travel motivation and destination image have significant impact on perceived quality, perceived value and trust satisfaction. These factors in turn influence attitude and revisit intention toward travel destination. Furthermore, Big Five personality traits and experiential value can moderate the influence of antecedents on tourism performance.

Halal Purchase Intention- A Study on Islamic Banks of Bangladesh


Authors: Mohsina Fatema ; Md. Aminul Islam ; Rosni Bakar
Pages: 402-412
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.402.412
Abstract
Purchase intention is a term used in consumer behaviour which can influence the augmentation of the brand’s performance. Many researches done on the issue of purchase intention, brands and brand equity but this study focuses only on the Halal paradigm. We have limited our study within the Islamic banking Industry of Bangladesh. Even though Bangladesh is a Muslim major country, yet awareness and knowledge of what is Halal (allowable in Islam) and what is Haram (forbidden in Islam) is really poor. Still majority of the banks are operating in conventional i.e. interest based banking. People follow their religion as some rituals descended from their ancestors, not completely knowing about the actual rules. Purchase intention is a very important term in consumer behaviour and has positive outcome if fostered properly. Marketers thus emphasize precisely in this in order to have better business performance. Halal purchase intention is a new term in the realm of Islamic marketing and branding. There are numerous research done so far on purchase intention and its antecedents’ relationship. However, very few studies have been done on halal purchase intention. This study aims to explore the antecedents of halal purchase intention. Six IVs has been identified- brand equity, brand trust, product involvement, value consciousness, shariah compliance and attitude. To fulfil the purpose, a quantitative research study surveyed on 200 customers and potential customers of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.  Collected data were analysed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling with the help of  Smart PLS 2.0 M3 software. Findings reveal that out of six variables, five namely brand equity, brand trust, product involvement, value consciousness and attitude has significant relationship with halal purchase intention. The outcome of this study devotes the Islamic bank managers to make their marketing choices with the help of purchase intention statistics associated with product demand, market segmentation as well as promotional strategies. This research thus tries to fill the gap and contribute in the literature of Islamic marketing and branding.

Examining the Reverse Verification of Compensation Demand for Consumers of Products in the Free Trade Era


Authors: Holijah ; M. Rizal
Pages: 395-401
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.395.401
Abstract
Crimes that inflict the economy, including crimes against consumers in the free trade era in Indonesia, are worthy of the government’s attention. The availability of safe products for the consumers is absolute, and business owners are required to be able to produce and distribute products that can compete both locally and internationally. The settlement of economic transaction disputes between the business owners and the consumers must be built on the principles that provide a legal protection for both parties to appropriately address the possibility of risk of injustice including the role of reverse evidence principle in consumer’s protection efforts. This principle can be fulfilled if the business owners cannot prove that the consumer’s loss is of their own doing. The aggrieved consumer can directly sue the business owner for the products that they sell.

Student’s Participation in Volunteerism Activities


Authors: Mohd Yusri Ibrahim ; Mohammad Mahdi Abas ; Masduki Mohammad Morni ; Kasawani Ibrahim
Pages: 390-394
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.390.394
Abstract
Students are important individuals who will be contributing to social development in the future. Aside from formal lessons, students should also get involved in community activities as informal training to show their responsibility as youths. High expectations are placed on students of high education institutes; however, it is found that they rarely get involved in volunteer activities in their own communities. Instead, they spend more time on their personal activities. In efforts to encourage student’s involvement in volunteerism, factors that contribute to their involvement must first be identified so that follow-up actions can be taken. This literature study is undertaken in order to identify the contributing factors. Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as well as supported by previous studies, this concept paper is proposing motivation, personality, family, neighbourhood, values, and involvement in clubs as the predictive factors on student’s involvement in volunteer activities at the community level. This finding can be benefitted by relevant stakeholders who can manipulate these factors to encourage more student’s involvement in the social activities.

Applying Indigenous Knowledge to Natural Disaster Preparedness


Authors: Kyoo-Man Ha
Pages: 383-389
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.383.389
Abstract
Many communities continue to be impacted by natural disasters regardless of geographical location, while relying on homogenous measures. This article aims at examining how to apply indigenous knowledge to natural disaster preparedness as part of disaster management. This article utilized qualitative content analysis as its key methodology. Various sources of indigenous knowledge such as anecdotes about animals behave before a disaster, plant conditions that may be indicative of an impending disaster, interpretation of certain constellations, and others were analyzed as to whether they can be considered sustainable measures in aid of disaster awareness, disaster operational planning, scientific research, and training and exercise. The key finding or recommendation is that it is necessary for the field of natural disaster preparedness to change its indigenous knowledge into sustainable measures.

The Analysis of Regional Investment Model for Improving Development: The Case of Bungo District


Authors: Muhammad Syurya Hidayat ; Muhammad Rachmad Rasjid
Pages: 377-382
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.377.382
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the scale of local investment with incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) approach and to analyze the factors influenced private investment and their impact on economic development in Bungo District. The ICOR model was used to answer the purpose of the first research question, a multiple regression model was used to answer the purpose of the second research question, and simple regression model was used to for the purpose of the third research question. The finding showed that the average amount of investment in Bungo District for the last 5 years was Rp 0.905 trillion with an accumulated ICOR of 1.0992 and an average ICOR of 1.2360. Capital and resource expenditure factor. It was a very significant factor affected private investment in Bungo District at P <0.05. Meanwhile, local investment also had significant and positive impacts on economic development represented by PDRB. From the findings, it is suggested to the government of Bungo District to increase capital expenditure especially basic infrastructure and economy expenditure and human resource competence improvement. Besides, it is also necessary to provide incentives and promotions to potential private investors attracting interest to invest in Bungo District, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Factors Influencing Accountants’ Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation


Authors: Erlane K. Ghani ; Noor Humaira Ahmad ; Kamaruzzaman Muhammad ; Ardi Gunardi
Pages: 364-376
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.364.376
Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing accountants’ acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation. Specifically, this study examines three factors namely, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and computer self-efficacy that may influence the accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. This study employs the questionnaire survey on 218 accountants who are working in various industries in Malaysia. This study shows that computer self-efficacy significantly influence the accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. However, this study shows that no significant influence of perceived usefulness and perceived usefulness on accountants’ acceptance on ERP implementation. The findings of this study indicate that the accountants perceived ERP more as a requirement imposed by the government rather than finding the system useful. However, the accountants can become motivated in exploring ERP when they are given greater control in using ERP. That is, the success of ERP implementation can be attributed by the accountants’ involvement and participation in enhancing the functionality of the system and indirectly promote accountability. This study provides insights to organisations in assessing and predicting acceptance factors towards ERP among their employees, particularly the accountants so that they can assure ERP implementation success.