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Mpox (previously named monkey pox) is caused by infection with monkey pox virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern about the upsurge of Mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and a growing number of countries in Africa. The virus can be transmitted from animal-to-human, human-to-human and from a contaminated environment-to-human. Index cases are infected by direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions of infected animals, including through their bite or scratch. Symptoms include; fever, intense headache, lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph node), back pain, myalgia (muscle ache) and an intense asthenia (lack of energy). The infection is also characterized by Skin eruption period where rashes appear in various stages often beginning on the face and then spreading elsewhere on the body including leg, trunk and palm. Vaccination remains the most effective method of preventing mpox. The paper review the epidemiology, virology, transmission, symptoms and treatment of mpox.