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Volume 2 Number 6 June 2016

Controlling of EDM Servo System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller


Authors: Shuruq Abd Al-Ameer ; Amjed Hasson
Pages: 79-83
Abstract
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process used in non traditional manufacturing. It is established for heat energy between electrode and work piece. It is use in servo system as a comparison the gap voltage reference value and confirm that the electrode travels at a prepare level to preserve the correct spark gap and draw back the electrode. For controlling the gap the fuzzy control principle, simulation is conducted in MATLAB /SIMULINK, the result shows that the controller can work well with quick response, no overshoot output and high control precision. Its performance is more efficient for control systems.

Yield of Ethanol Produced from Waste Pod of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis) Using African Giant Snail (Archachatina Marginata) Slime and Yeast


Authors: Akwukwaegbu, P. I. ; Peters, D. E. ; Wegwu, M. O.
Pages: 74-78
Abstract
Yield of ethanol produced using biowaste from waste pod of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) was investigated. Breakdown of cellulose to glucose in the waste was achieved using cellulase from snail slime. Into holding tanks containing varying concentrations of wastes were added snail slime and yeast respectively. The control holding tank (group A) had neither yeast nor snail slime. All groups were fermented under anaerobic condition at (37oC) for 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Results of the cellulose content showed (20.56±0.58%). There was no ethanol (Et) produced in the control group (group A). Results of the yield of Et of the waste in the holding tanks containing snail slime alone and yeast alone were (1.45±0.10%) and (5.44±0.44%) respectively. The yield of Et produced decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in fermentation time. Also, increase in concentration of snail slime and yeast increased the yield of Et in the holding tanks. The holding tanks containing waste, yeast and snail slime together gave the highest yield of ethanol. The findings in this study suggest that a consortium of snail slime and yeast would yield higher percentage of ethanol than the duo acting independently.