Corporate Governance, International Diversification and Organizational Performance: A Study on Malaysian Property Industry
Authors: Nooriha Mansor ; Radziah Mahmud ; Siti Haliza Asat ; Irda Syahira Khair Anwar ; Suryani Abdul Raman ; Wan Roshaini Wan Ali
Pages: 1-6
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.1.6
Abstract
Currently, the housing sector is one of the Malaysian government’s main concerns as it is continuously facing various problems. This sector is endlessly struggling with enormous difficulties that have caused negative implications to the industry’s performance. Since a well governed corporate governance is said to be associated with better company performance, a number of corporate governance mechanisms are being employed in this study so as to test on their impact on the firms’ performance. Independence of board of directors (BOD) and audit committee (AC) members, non-duality and frequency of board meetings held per annum are among the CG mechanisms tested in relation to the firms’ performance, Tobin’s Q. The three-year period (2013-2015) data is taken from the annual reports and Thomson Reuters Data stream for all the companies in the property industry in Bursa Malaysia. Number of board meetings, CEO/Chairman non-duality, Independence of BOD members. These empirical evidences from this study would enhance the importance of incorporating corporate governance mechanisms and international diversification in relation to organizational performance for property industry.
Smart Home Assisted Living for Elderly: The Needs for Regulations
Authors: Noor Ashikin Basarudin ; Asmah Laili Yeon ; Zuryati Mohamed Yusoff ; Nuarrual Hilal Md Dahlan ; Nazli Mahdzir
Pages: 7-13
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.7.13
Abstract
Assistive technology devices for elderly in smart home aims at providing support and healthcare services in a domestic home to ensure their health condition, safety and security . However, neither definition nor specific legal and administrative policy is in place to govern its establishment. Hence, a comprehensive smart home assisted living legal framework for elderly is required and this paper is intended to discuss the needs for amendments of law in housing development. This paper is a legal doctrinal research whereby analysis is conducted based on the statutory provisions of Malaysia housing statutes, codes, and guideline. The finding shows that, the absence of smart home for elderly components and infrastructure in the Housing Sales and Purchase Agreement will deny residents’ right from protection by the housing developer. Therefore, amendment and improvement in law and regulations to include terms of smart home for elderly is needed to ensure its development is in accordance to the law.
Perceived importance and performance of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Between adopters and Dis-adopters: Insights from Indonesia
Authors: Poppy Arsil ; Yeong Sheng Tey ; Mark Brindal ; Ardiansyah ; Sidharta Sahirman
Pages: 14-21
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.14.21
Abstract
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an innovative approach to increase rice production. This study examines the perceived importance and performance of six system of rice intensification (SRI) attributes by adopters and dis-adopters in Indonesia. The six attributes identified were ‘profit’, ‘risk’ ‘effort’, ‘compatibility’, ‘assurance’, and ‘simplicity’. The importance-performance analysis revealed that ‘profit’ was the primary attribute. It was followed by ‘risk’ and ‘effort’. However, their below average performance caused them to fall into the ‘concentrate here’ quadrant. These major weaknesses require immediate attention for an improvement in the uptake of SRI to occur. Given that local rice systems are competitive, SRI is more likely to be adopted and continued in use when it clearly demonstrates a degree of profitability that sufficiently outweighs its costs, associated risks and efforts, and opportunity costs. Market-based (i.e. access to high value market/returns) solutions are more sustainable (than government incentives) and therefore recommended. This study has made an important contribution to previous understanding of innovation diffusion by demonstrating the importance and performance of SRI attributes as perceived by Indonesian adopters and dis-adopters.
Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings as Hotels in Melaka and George Town - UNESCO World Heritage Cities
Authors: Lilawati Abdul Wahab ; Noraini Md Zain ; Zaiwanizar Zainal Abidin ; Mohd Hafiz Saberi ; Norbaizura Abu Bakar
Pages: 22-27
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.22.27
Abstract
The most visible and neglected heritages nowadays are heritage buildings which are widely available throughout the country. As the number of heritage building have been decreasing day by day, peoples’ consciousness has begun to arise. Many heritage buildings have been conserved for various purposes. In general, with their attractive features, most conserved heritage buildings will be adaptive reused as museums, offices, restaurants, residences, business premises and other public use thus becoming one the focal of tourists’ attractions. However, the approach in adapting and conserving heritage buildings in Malaysia are not practiced with the right concepts and methods. This research is conducted to assess the adaptive reuse works that have been implemented on the heritage buildings as hotels specifically in Melaka and George Town UNESCO World Heritage Cities. The hotels which are adapted from heritage buildings have been specifically identified and questionnaires surveys have been performed to the respective owners or managers in order to obtain their responses thus arriving to a more accurate research result. Several findings have been obtained which will help in promoting adaptive reuse works in the future.
The Number of Tourist Arrivals, Governance and Their Impact on Threatened Bird Species: Worldwide Evidence
Authors: Muzafar Shah Habibullah ; Badariah Haji Din ; Wei-Chong Choo ; Siow-Hooi Tan
Pages: 28-36
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.28.36
Abstract
The number of international tourist arrivals is crucial for the tourism sector. However, there are positive and negative sides of tourism. Unsustainable tourism will result in the destruction of the forest and consequently led to biodiversity loss. The great benefits of forest which is a home for a wide variety of animals and plants which help to stored carbon, preventing the risk of flood and drought to occur, influencing climate change, stabilizing soils as well as providing food and a place for the indigenous people to live. As long as these benefits are being concerned, the role of international community is needed to prevent them from any harm in the future. The government of both the developed and developing nations recognized the importance of sustainable biodiversity for the national ecosystem as well as to the global environment. In this study we also investigate the response of biodiversity loss (measured by the number of threatened bird species on six measures of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The OLS outcomes suggest that tourism exhibit positive relationship with biodiversity loss. On the other hand, the six governance indicators suggest that good governance reduces biodiversity loss. Our further analysis using quantile regression estimates suggest that tourism affect positively biodiversity loss for all quantiles (0.05 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.90 0.95); while governance affect negatively biodiversity loss only at certain quartiles. One main policy implication of this study is that sustainable tourism is important to mitigate biodiversity loss, and effort for biodiversity conservation is supported by this study.
Piloting for the Multidimensional Job Satisfaction Instrument in the Offshore Work Setting
Authors: M. A. A. Majid ; S. F. Mohamad ; S. A. H. Lim ; M. Othman
Pages: 37-44
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.37.44
Abstract
This article draws upon pilot study to test the developed job satisfaction questionnaire with offshore catering employees. Changing the attention from a hypothetical work setting where job satisfaction is usually studied, this study investigated employees’ satisfaction with the offshore catering job as the employees perform their job in an isolated and confined work environment. The pilot study was employed as an impetus for a scale development dissertation in validating a bespoke job satisfaction instrument in the offshore catering context. In this small-scale study, the researchers investigated job satisfaction with a purposive sample of 37 (n=37) offshore catering employees using electronic-based survey. Subsequently, an individual debriefing was conducted with four respondents to improve the questionnaire items. The objectives of the pilot study were to evaluate the quality of the items and to identify potential challenges that might occur in the main study. The study findings are not extensively discussed; however, adequate information about the study background and sample characteristics are included. The study about job satisfaction among offshore catering employees was used to demonstrate the process. The key aspects of the pilot study including the amendment of items, challenges encountered during data collection, and modifications made to the actual study are discussed.
The Influence of Creativity towards Entrepreneurial Intention and the Entrepreneurial Career Choice Behaviour in 21st Century Learning
Authors: Nur Shifa’ Najihah Binti Abd Razak ; Hafizan Bin Kosnin ; Nor Aishah Binti Buang
Pages: 45-51
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.45.51
Abstract
This study had been conducted to identify creativity levels from the affective and effective aspects, the relationship between creativity and the entrepreneurial intention and the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention and the entrepreneurial career choice behaviour of final year of Bachelor of Engineering in UTM, UTHM, and UTeM. A total of 462 final year undergraduate engineering students from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) were selected for being the sample from the population whole. The questionnaire method was used to gather the descriptive and inferential data of the study. The findings show that the level of creativity from an effective aspect consisting of the number of business ideas and the quality of business ideas as a whole is medium low. The finding also show that there is a significant relationship between the number of ideas and the idea of business ideas with entrepreneurial intention. While there is no significant relationship between the quality of the idea and its relation is inverse with the entrepreneurial intention of the student. There is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship career choice behavior. The findings of this study would have had great implication towards the implementation of the entrepreneurial education programme and thinking skills education in the institutions of higher learning. In the context of this study, the development of entrepreneurship amongst the graduates in the 21st century education would need to be properly planned in order to not just increase the number of entrepreneurs, but also to mould them to become creative, innovative and competitive globally.
The Performance of Robust Multivariate Ewma Control Charts
Authors: F. Jamaluddin ; H. H. Ali ; S. S. Syed Yahaya ; Z. Zain
Pages: 52-58
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.52.58
Abstract
Multivariate Exponential Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart is a popular statistical tool for monitoring multivariate process over time. However, this chart is sensitive to the presence of outliers arising from the use of classical mean vector and covariance matrix in estimating the MEWMA statistic. These classical estimators are known to be sensitive to the outliers. To address this problem, robust MEWMA control charts based on modified one-step M-estimator (MOM) and Winsorized modified one-step M-estimator (WM) are proposed. Their performance is then compared with the standard MEWMA control chart in various situations. The findings revealed that the proposed robust MEWMA control charts are more effective in controlling false alarm rates especially for large sample sizes and high percentage of outliers.
A Review of the Challenges and Prospects for Islamic Tourism Policies in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Ghozali Hassan ; Mohd. Rizal Razalli ; Umar Farouk Musa
Pages: 59-63
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.59.63
Abstract
Statistics attested that Malaysia is ranked the 1st as the hub for Islamic tourism among the organization of Islamic cooperation members’ state. Despite these achievements, literature indicated some conspicuous challenges affecting Islamic tourism policies in the country. This study uses secondary data to examine the barriers militating against Islamic tourism and put forward some prospects; policy recommendations respectively. Findings from our review reveals that the country had executed 10 different master plan, but poor policy guidelines, paucity of researches and market difficulty were some of the challenges affecting the sector, while other predicaments to Islamic tourism in the areas of Shariah compliant hotels, promotion of halal products, were underutilized. Two propositions were established to accelerate in identification of the challenges and prospects for Islamic tourism in the study area. We have suggested for policy guidelines, the revitalization of the image of Islamic tourism, provision of modern infrastructure, and utilization of the natural, historic and other Islamic center to attract visitors from all parts of the world. Islamic tourism required diversity in the market, especially through specific needs, beliefs, tastes, expectation and global competitiveness.
Lexical Characteristic in Malaysian Inter-Religious Discourse
Authors: Munif Z. F. Nordin ; Nor Fariza Mohd Nor
Pages: 64-68
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.64.68
Abstract
The numbers of religious issues in Malaysia within 30 years indicates that inter-religious discourse among different religious adherents is not always easy to handle and cannot be easily understood due to the complexities of various issues involved. This study aims to (1) identify the keywords in inter-religious issues in Malaysia, and (2) discuss the lexical characteristic in inter-religious discourse in Malaysia. The discussion is based on the meaning concept suggested by Russell (1940). The data in the discussion relate to the three religious issues in Malaysia which are interpreted as having sensitive and provocative words from 2011 until 2015. The data were gathered taken from local newspapers and interviews with religious authorities. The discussion shows that keywords in inter-religious issues, such as hurt, disappointment, misunderstanding, ignorance etc. are based on negative perception toward the practice of people from different religion. The result also shows that negative gradable for all the issues, such as religious hatred, shocked and angry need to be encountered. The study suggests that the negative perception toward different religious practice needs to be understood comprehensively by examining the reason behind the disagreement of the practice, and any circumstance to create religious misunderstanding must be avoided.
The Effect of Backchannel Communication in Developing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Mohan Rathakrishnan ; Arumugam Raman ; Manvender Kaur Sarjit Singh ; Lee Jun Choi
Pages: 69-74
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.69.74
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of backchannel communication in developing students’critical thinking skill: macro and micro critical thinking.There are many tools in backchannel communication (BC). Padlet has been used as one of backchannel communication in this research.There are seventy students from two classes (Class X and Class Z) involved as sample in this study.Quasi- experimental research design applied in this research. Class X was selected as the experimental group (using padlet online discussion) and Class Z became the control group (classroom discussion) while learning Critical Thinking subject. Padlet online discussion was used as tool to plot discussion in a group on the topic given by the teacher. The finding shows that students who used back channel communication showed greater macro critical thinking level than to those who did not use back channel communication. While for students who used BC did not show greater critical thinking level than to those who did not use BC.This study will contribute to the body of knowledge on technologies for learning and online learning. This will allow better understanding on how technology can facilitate learning especially critical thinking.
Comparison of Rasch Model Logits and Likert Mean Score in Testing the Normality Assumption
Authors: Mohd Effendi @ Ewan Mohd Matore ; Ahmad Zamri Khairani
Pages: 75-82
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.75.82
Abstract
The lack of empirical evidence about Rasch model logits as a potential score in normality testing boost the motivations on how this type of data can replace the Likert mean score. The research also would like to see how these logits will be variant by fixing the diversity of zones selected for Adversity Quotient (AQ) measurement. The AQ was tested using IKBAR (Instrumen Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran) with CORE model (Control, Ownership, Reach and Endurance) on 1845 polytechnic students from five different zones in Malaysia using a proportionate stratified multistage cluster sampling. The findings revealed that the skewness and kurtosis pattern for all zones showed that Rasch model logits are greater than the Likert mean score. The gaps pattern showed that Borneo dominated the largest gap for Control and AQ for both skewness and kurtosis. In terms of skewness, North region dominated the Endurance gap and the West dominated the Reach gaps. The East dominated the kurtosis gaps for Reach and Endurance. The Rasch model logits for all zones generally had a probability of failing to meet the normality acceptance range. A paired-samples t-test revealed that there was a significant difference for both scores. There was a significant average difference between both score. Rasch model logits were higher than Likert mean score. Based on the results, it is clear that the patterns of the Rasch model logits applicability exposed a great potential and alternative to be used by the researchers as normality data testing besides the Likert mean score. Further studies are proposed to be carried out to explore the potential of using logits for different settings and to ensure applicability to the other normality testing for educational research.
Prototype PMSP System Development for Operational Level in Solid Waste Management
Authors: Faridah Zulkipli ; Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah ; Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri ; Cheng Jack Kie ; Muhammad Afif Zafri Khuzairi
Pages: 83-89
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.83.89
Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate the PMSP (Performance Measurement of Strategic Planning) System for solid waste management process. The complexity and dynamic scenarios in nature of solid waste management cause a huge implication for the management in order to thoroughly monitor the achievement of strategic planning. This condition causes the rate of generation of solid waste to increase every year. In addition, solid waste management is responsible in finding a more efficient mechanism to ensure that strategic planning plans are fully realized by the year 2020. As a result, the development of the prototype PMSP system as a user interface can help the management to analyze the progress of the strategic plan achievement more effectively. The analysis resulting from the output of the system is expected to facilitate the decision makers to assess the current level of achievement and also take the best steps holistically in line with the strategic planning of solid waste management plans. Through the development of this technology the goals of the country in social well-being and a sustainable environment could be achieved.
E-Commerce Adoption Research: A Review of Literature
Authors: Vivian Khoo ; Aidi Ahmi ; Ram Al-Jaffri Saad
Pages: 90-99
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.90.99
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of the e-commerce adoption studies. This paper investigated the papers that have been published and indexed in the Scopus database for the period from 2012-2017. This study found that e-commerce adoption studies can be classified into six themes: factors affecting e-commerce adoption, barrier of e-commerce adoption, implication of e-commerce adoption, e-commerce adoption process, improvement of e-commerce adoption and e-commerce web attraction. It is found that existing literature has given considerable attention to the drivers that facilitate e-commerce adoption while other themes have received far less attention from researchers. The significant factors that influence e-commerce adoption includes management’s support, the role of government, perceived benefits, external pressures, organizational readiness, IT-related skills, capabilities and infrastructure, among others. Such limited scope of study efforts could only provide a stagnant view towards partial understanding of the dynamic diffusion process of e-commerce. Future research shall be extended to explore e-commerce adoption from the process perspective and investigate the post-adoption stages of e-commerce to observe how e-commerce adoption evolves over time.
Employee Experience in Mergers & Acquisition Process towards M&A Success: The Case of Maybank Acquisition on Bank International Indonesia
Authors: Tengku Mohd Khairal Abdullah ; Donny Abdul Latief Poespowidjojo ; Grady Esmond Himawan
Pages: 100-104
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.100.104
Abstract
Mergers and acquisition has become one of favorable strategies for companies to grow. It offers the opportunity for companies to grow instantly and the capability to have instant access towards the market in which the acquired company operates. However, many literatures documented few Mergers and Acquisition that actually considered to be successful, and of the argument that causing it was cultural differences between the acquiring and the acquired companies. The acquisition of Maybank on Bank International Indonesia (BII) gave an opportunity to study whether close cultural differences between the acquired and the acquiring companies might produce better results in such acquisition attempt. The aim of this study was to see whether the implementation of good leadership, people management, simplified organization structure, good communication and cultural development activities might enhance successful acquisition. Results indicated that all of those variables were implemented well during the acquisition process except communication.
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