The Language Aspect of the Comic Feature on the Example of American and English Humor
Authors: Ekaterina V. Martynova ; Enzhe Kh. Shamsutdinova ; Alfiya R. Baranova
Pages: 432-434
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.432.434
Abstract
This article examines humour as a language that acts as a means of interaction between different groups of society. Variability of humour is mainly reflected in national peculiarities of it. It is easy to catch signs of humour of any nation, but to give them an accurate characterization is rather difficult. Each nation over time acquires its unique form of humour, created on the basis of life-historical experience. Humour, from the linguistic point of view, also serves as a means of expressing positive or negative feelings through language. The article provides features of linguistic humour on the example of American and English jokes. The material for research is the humorous fragments from the stories of famous writers and parts of the performances of American comedians of various topics. The relevance of this study is determined by the value worldview expressed in humour, which in its turn is reflected in the American and British linguistic cultures. The received results as theoretical and practical will be useful for further linguistic study of American and British linguocultures.
The Motifs of Light and Darkness in Faulkner`s Novel Light in August
Authors: Maria A. Nilova ; Asiya M. Ilyasova
Pages: 435-438
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.435.438
Abstract
In this paper, we determine the role of the motifs of light and darkness in the forming of the image of the main character of the novel by William Faulkner Light in August. The choice of the subject matter of our study was influenced by the very title of the novel. Many researchers noted the fundamental indissolubility of its form and content. Literary scholars agree that the conflict between black and white bloods is the forming element of the central image, Christmas. In our study, we expanded the topic, since William Faulkner is famous for turning over familiar images and motifs, and we are interested in whether he does the same to the fundamental categories of light and darkness. In the course of the study, it became clear that a detailed analysis of these categories radically changes the habitual interpretation of the protagonist’s image and the axiological content of the novel.
The Notion of the Sound Law and Its Criticizers
Authors: Anzhela R. Lisenko ; Ilmira M. Rakhimbirdieva
Pages: 439-442
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.439.442
Abstract
This article deals with the problematic nature of the concept of sound law in linguistics, where the authors attempt to comprehend the reasons for the sharp criticism of this concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, by relying on the modern understanding of science on the whole and the status of scientific law in particular. The paper gives a brief historical reference to the formation of the concept of scientific law, which was a prerequisite for the emergence of the sound law in linguistics. It gives the postulates by Osthoff (1878) and K. Bruggmann who swore allegiance to the sound law and represents their sharp criticism by such linguists as H. (Baudouin, 1968; Saussure, 1977). Investigating the works by the critics of Neogrammarian concept, the authors attempt to determine the causes of the problematic nature of this concept, which later would help determine the modern status of the scientific law in linguistics, and accordingly, the possibility of the existence of sound laws.
The Problems of the Western Society in the Mirror of a New German-Speaking Drama
Authors: Anzhela R. Lisenko ; Elena N. Shevchenko
Pages: 443-446
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.443.446
Abstract
The authors in the proposed article refer to modern German drama, namely to the plays of such authors as Hübner, Nemitz and Neidhart. A new generation of dramatists writes about the present, but at the same time adds a variety of innovative, experimental forms and techniques created by the previous era to their arsenal. The focus is on the problem of migrants, tolerance, addressed by German playwrights Hübner and S. Nemitz in the play Willkommen. Despite the fact that the problem of migrants is relevant in Europe in the last few years more than ever, the German writers do not pay much attention to it. There is the notion of migrant literature, but the writers of non-German origin who write in German refer, first and foremost, to it. The theme of attitudes toward migrants is connected with the problem of individualism in modern society. It becomes a key in the works by Neidhart. The article analyzes, first of all, her play Lisenko and Shevchenko. This play represents a vivid example of verbatim drama. It covers the crisis of fertility in modern Europe, which is connected with the growth of individualism and egocentrism in modern society.
The Question of the Influence of European Modernism on the Creative Identity of Vladimir Nabokov
Authors: Helene Bazhanova
Pages: 447-450
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.447.450
Abstract
Studying Vladimir Nabokov’s works, we have been convinced of the continuity of the social codes, beginning with antiquity (there is a special place for mythology in Nabokov’s creative works), and ending with the XX century. However, in our opinion, the most powerful influence was exerted on the writer by the cultural traditions of Europe, especially by literature of the XIX century. It is not possible to study all the aspects of the continuity, so within the framework of this article we have considered the most important ones, which, due to the continuity, acquire a deeper philosophical meaning and an additional connotation. We analyzed the existing themes, motives and images in V. Nabokov’s creative works, and we saw the influence of F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson, M. Proust and D. G. Lawrence on the artistic method of the writer.
The Research of the Structural Organization of Metaphorical and Metonymical Models of Phraseological Units with a Gender Component in the English and Tatar Languages
Authors: Ekaterina A. Khuzina ; Rezeda Yo. Mukhtarova
Pages: 451-454
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.451.454
Abstract
The subject of the study of the article is the question of models of phraseological units (PhU) with gender component (a substantive component that expresses the category of gender) formed on the basis of metaphorical and metonymic reinterpretation of the components. The category of gender is considered as a semantic category, correlated with the conceptual category of sex. The analysis is based on the English and Tatar languages. The object of the study are the PhU with a gender component, formed on the basis of metaphorical and metonymic re-interpretation of the components. The article aims to define the common and the different in the patterns of phraseological units, based on metaphorical and metonymic reinterpretation, in English and Tatar. The study of metaphorical models results in identification of metaphorical personification, antonomasia, periphrasis, comparison, and algorism. The most common pattern turned to be periphrasis, in the Tatar language there are a lot of phraseological units – algorisms and comparisons. Common is a synecdoche among the metonymic models (in the Tatar language), metonymic paraphrases (rare in both languages) and metonymical antonomasia (used in English). The author comes to the conclusion that metaphoric transfers are common in both languages, but the Tatar phraseology is more vivid through the use of comparisons, algorisms. English phraseology is more “restrained” but it is diverse as it has deeper roots.
The Use of Entertaining Television Programs in Teaching Foreign Languages
Authors: Olga G. Palutina ; Veronika E. Sabitova
Pages: 455-457
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.455.457
Abstract
This article deals with the problems of education process organizing within the University in the field of international relations study. The peculiarity of the line is that the perfect knowledge of the languages studied should be supported by a profound knowledge in the sphere of specialization. It means that the future graduates should understand political, economic and geopolitical affairs around the world and ought to be good enough to analyze the specific literature, to point out the principal ideas of the TV and Radio programmes, to use the obtained language skills solving the daily tasks at a workplace. Thus, here we see the necessity of all the aspects of language mastering as listening, reading, use of language skills and etcetera, along with training the students how to operate the knowledge they received within the education process. In order to achieve the goals supposed, it is preferable to use a set of vocabulary assessment tests and self-study cases, putting the learners in true to life situations, where they will have to cope with different difficulties natural for the international relations line.
Using the Technology of Creative Writing to Develop Students' Creative Thinking in Teaching English
Authors: Rasilya R. Nurmieva ; Nina P. Soboleva
Pages: 458-463
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.458.463
Abstract
The article reviews the problem of creative writing at foreign language lessons by means of using written and oral tasks at non-language specialties. Implementation of creative writing is proposed as a solution to this problem. Key features of creative writing and their influence on the components of creative thinking are analyzed. The main methods of creative writing and options of their introduction into educational process are described. The analysis of educational potential of creative writing in learning of the foreign language is carried out. The purpose of this work is to study the technology of creative writing to develop students’ creative thinking in teaching English. The results of the article could be effectively used as part of the teaching program to improve the pedagogical cycle of subjects of students of Kazan Federal University. It can be also used for everybody who is interested in effective and modern ways of teaching.
Ways of Expression of Compliance to Norm in the Phraseological Field of the World of English and Tatar Linguistic Cultures
Authors: Ekaterina A. Khuzina ; Rezeda Yo. Mukhtarova
Pages: 464-467
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.464.467
Abstract
This article deals with the study of similarities and differences in expression of the correspondence of the norm to English and Tatar linguistic cultures using the material of phraseological units with a gender component. The paper defines the concept of norm in language and phraseology. One singles out the main groups of phraseological units according to whether they conform to the norm or not. The gender direction in linguistics, the subject of which is the interrelation of language and gender as a social factor, considers the concepts such as “gender”, “femaleness”, “maleness”. Gender is expressed in semantics and in the grammar of the language, forming a linguistic image of the world, which in turn depends on the conceptual image. The gender image of the world is not biologically determined, and the concepts of femaleness and maleness are determined by cultural and historical factors, in particular, by language stereotypes in different cultures and language communities. Gender metaphor also influences the formation of a conceptual and linguistic image of the world. A gender metaphor is understood as “the transfer not only of the physical, but also of the totality of spiritual qualities and properties, united by the nominations of femininity and masculinity to the objects that are not connected with sex”. In different language communities, femininity and masculinity referents often do not coincide, which creates difficulties in intercultural communication and translation.
Meta-Cognitive Technologies in the Training of Students-Future Teachers
Authors: Olga V. Razumova ; Elena R. Sadykova ; Ruslan R. Zamaliev
Pages: 468-472
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.468.472
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of solving the problem of training a future specialist, a subject teacher who has professional competences formed at a new level. The article is aimed at studying the innovations in modern teaching, techniques, technologies and methods for improving the quality of the didactic interaction of subjects of the educational process within the framework of higher professional pedagogical education by the way of the example of training future mathematics teachers. At present, the problems associated with the disclosure of the didactic capacities of modern educational meta-cognitive technologies of a reflexive nature in the context of the practice-oriented professional training of future specialists remain inadequate, and in particular, in the formation of highly developed subject-specific thinking as one of the form of professional thinking of the future specialist. The article reflects the results of the experimental work having been carried out to introduce a didactic model of forming subject-specific thinking of the students, future teachers of mathematics, by means of metacognitive reflexive technologies in the synthesis with information and communication technologies. The investigation used the following methods: theoretical (the analysis of psychological and educational literature on the research problem, the study of mass and the generalization of advanced pedagogical experience, the pedagogical modeling), empirical (pedagogical observation, conversation, questioning, interviewing, testing). The materials of the article can be useful for practical professional activities of the teachers of higher educational institutions, the trainees of the system of additional professional education of pedagogical personnel, and all those who are interested in the theory and practice of implementing modern educational technologies.
Kazan Eparchy Consistory in the Context of Church - State Relation Evolution During Post-Reform Period
Authors: Gulshat M. Mustafina ; Anton V. Yermoshin ; Irina A. Matyagina
Pages: 473-476
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.473.476
Abstract
The article examines the evolution of church-state relations during the period after the Great Reforms of Emperor Alexander II (the post-Reform period), which was expressed in the strengthening of Church activity dependence on secular bureaucracy in Russian Empire during the second half of the 19th century. In particular, these changes are traced in the activity of the Kazan Diocesan Consistory: a new system of relations is being formed between the diocesan bishop as the head of the diocese and the Secretary of the consistory appointed by the Holy Synod, controlled by the Synodal Chief Procurator, and between the presence of the consistory consisting of the diocesan clergy representatives and secular officials, the employees of the consistory office and departments. The conclusions obtained by the authors allow us to speak about the consistent implementation of state-bureaucratic principle strengthening policy in the activities of the Orthodox Church not only on the general imperial (synodal) but also on the regional (diocesan) level. The materials and the conclusions of the article can be claimed during the study of the history of Russia in the second half of the XIXth century, the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and church-state relations, the history of state institutions, the regional history of the Russian province, in particular, the history of Tatarstan.
Long-Term Analysis of Polio Epidemiological Situation in Russian Federation and The Republic of Tatars Tan
Authors: Almir R. Abashev ; Artur A. Almukhametov ; Ilia V. Petrov ; Firuza S. Petrova
Pages: 477-480
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.477.480
Abstract
Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease of the viral etiology. The causative agent of this infection is poliovirus. The target system of poliovirus is the nervous system when it penetrates a human body. According to official data of the World Health Organization, in most cases children under the age of 5 are exposed to poliomyelitis. The studied infectious nosology refers to immunocontrolled pathologies, which helps to minimize risks for public health. In Russian Federation (RF) vaccination against poliomyelitis is included in the National calendar of preventive vaccinations. However, there are risks associated with migration processes. In this study, they used the data from state reports of the Federal Service for the Supervision of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare Protection (Rospotrebnadzor) "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of RF population" to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the following report data from Rospotrebnadzor Department in RT: "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan" in 2012-2016. They analyzed the forms of the federal statistical observations № 1, 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" for the same period with the use of statistical processing methods. It has been established that during the period under study, the cases of poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus strain have not been recorded on the territories of Russian Federation and RT. A similar situation with vaccine-associated polio is recorded in RT during 2012-2016. In general, the cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis were registered in Russian Federation during 2013 (6 cases), 2014 (5 cases) and 2016 (1 case). The immunization of the population against poliovirus in RF and RT is characterized as stably high. Thus, the vaccination / revaccination rates are at 95% or higher from the planned number. This measure is regarded as an effective management decision during the prevention of poliomyelitis. Such factors as migration processes with poliomyelitis endemic countries, the emergence of vaccine-producing poliomyelitis viruses are identified as epidemiological risks that can adversely affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation.
Judicial Control Problems Concerning Legal Implementation in Public Administration
Authors: Ekaterina A. Khuzina ; Gabdrakhman H. Valiev
Pages: 481-484
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.481.484
Abstract
The constitutional proclamation of Russia as a legal state with the elements of civil society impose the observance of the constitutional principles of legality on state institutions concerning the activities of state bodies. The judiciary power is called upon to protect these principles. The relevance of this study topic is determined by the reform of political and socio-economic relations in Russia, which are invariably connected with the increased attention to human rights problems, their provision with various state funds, among which the judiciary power holds the main place. The judicial control exercised by it ensures not only the recognition of human rights in full, but is also the most effective guarantee of democracy and freedom in Russian society. The adoption of RF Constitution in 1993, the reforming of Russian legislation, shows that Russia has embarked on the path of serious intentions and actions in the field of human rights. In the Address of RF President to RF Federal Assembly "Russia needs to be strong and competitive" HE noted that a significant step was taken in judicial and legal system modernization. Most of the necessary legislative and other normative legal acts have been adopted already. The changes concerned not only the organization and the working conditions of the courts, but also the procedures that protect the rights of an individual and the accessibility of justice. The relevance of the chosen research topic is also confirmed by the fact that the optimization of judicial authority operation is not complete yet.
Prohibition as Axiological Basis of Legal Reality
Authors: Nikolay N. Rybushkin ; Alisher R. Khodzhiev ; Andrey V. Skorobogatov
Pages: 485-488
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.485.488
Abstract
The article proves that the ban can be characterized as a state- (social-) strong-willed deterrent (limiting) means, which under the threat of legal (legal) responsibility is designed to prevent illegal acts of the subject (natural or legal person) and thereby ensure the maintenance of law and order. The ban is a necessary means of ensuring high organization of social relations, consolidation of legal values-is a significant regulator of social relations, designed to ensure the effectiveness of legal regulation. However, the peculiarity of the legal reality of semi-traditional societies, which include moleno and Russia, transforms the role of the ban in legal regulation, strengthening its effect not only legally, but also mentally. Compliance with both legal and legal prohibitions is ensured not so much by the existence of an effective mechanism of legal regulation as by the conformist-marginal mentality of the individual and society.
Control System Image Analysis of Unmanned Vehicles Based on Computer Vision Technology
Authors: Ilyas I. Ismagilov ; Fatikh Sh. Nugaev ; Mikhail P. Shleymovich ; Alexey S. Katasev ; Stella A. Lyasheva ; Mikhail V. Medvedev
Pages: 489-493
DOI:
doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.489.493
Abstract
The article shows the urgency of control system development by unmanned vehicles based on computer vision technologies. These technologies are used in such tasks as a car location determination, the detection of obstacles and a suitable parking place determination. These tasks are resource intensive and must be performed in real time. Therefore, it is important to develop effective models, methods and tools that ensure the achievement of the required time and the accuracy of use in unmanned vehicle control systems. At that, the choice of image representation model is important. In this paper, they considered the model of energy characteristics. On its basis, it is possible to develop the descriptions of images to highlight and analyze their characteristic features, also for the isolating of contours, regions, and special points. The effectiveness of the proposed approach to image analysis is conditioned by the fact that the objects (road signs, road marking or car numbers) under consideration that have to be revealed and identified are characterized by the relevant features. Besides, the use of wavelet transformations allows one to perform the same basic operations to solve a set of tasks in onboard unmanned vehicle systems, also for the tasks of image primary processing, segmentation, description, recognition and compression. The application of this approach will allow to reduce the time for all procedure performance and to reduce the requirements to compute the resources of the vehicle on-board system.
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